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Orthopedics and Beyond:

The American College of Surgeons

The Partnership with the American College of Surgeons

The American College of Surgeons (ACS) was founded in Chicago in 1913. The ACS is a surgical society that promotes the education and advocacy of high surgical care standards through education, research, patient welfare, hospital standardization, ethics of practice and collaboration with other medical associations.

 Photograph of library director David Bishop, Leon S. McGoogan, and Charles McLaughlin
David Bishop (McGoogan Library Director), Leon S. McGoogan, MD (friend of the library), and Charles McLaughlin, MD (ACS Regent)

From the McGoogan Health Sciences Library Robert S. Wigton Department of Special Collections and Archives

In 1931, Dr. Orr began the conversation with the ACS to place his book collection with the institution. As a fellow of the ACS, Dr. Orr was interested in sharing his collection with the medical community. During his life, he promoted the collection and curated exhibitions of his books. He dreamed of a print catalog detailing the breadth of the collection. The catalog became a reality in 1956—four years after his death.

 

In the mid-1970s, the ACS recognized it could not properly preserve the book collection. Several institutions were interested in the job, including the National Library of Medicine, the University of Michigan and the University of Chicago. After some deliberation, the ACS decided that it was logical to place the collection in the state where Dr. Orr spent his career.

 

Charles W. McLaughlin, MD, ACS, regent and former professor of surgery at UNMC in 1974, had a friend in Chicago who was chairman of the ACS committee tasked with finding a new home for the Orr book collection. When another library’s proposal to receive Dr. Orr’s collection went to the regents for a vote, Dr. McLaughlin stood up and made a passionate plea to wait. They did. Dr. McLaughlin worked furiously behind the scenes, calling in return favors from other regents. He lobbied that because Dr. Orr practiced in Nebraska, and collected the books while in Nebraska, the collection should go to a Nebraska institution. UNMC had completed construction of a new library building in 1970 and was a perfect place to house the collection. All credit for the transfer would be given to the ACS, but Dr. McLaughlin did request money to maintain it. Dr. McLaughlin knew he had the votes, and he won. In 1974, the ACS transferred the collection to the McGoogan Health Sciences Library on a permanent loan. Dr. Orr’s books have resided at UNMC for the last 50 years.

Photograph of Charles McLaughlin

Portrait of Charles McLaughlin, Jr, MD

From the McGoogan Health Sciences Library Robert S. Wigton Department of Special Collections and Archives

Photograph of the south rare book room, Orr collection, one shelf of books

A portion of the H. Winnett Orr rare book collection in the Leon S. McGoogan Health Sciences Library South Rare Book Room

From the McGoogan Health Sciences Library Robert S. Wigton Department of Special Collections and Archives

Charles McLaughlin, MD, oral history interview, August 28, 1978

From the McGoogan Health Sciences Library Robert S. Wigton Department of Special Collections and Archives

Charles McLaughlin, MD, discussing the origins of the ACS Partnership

Transcript

Charles McLaughlin, MD: Dr. Cutter's collection went to Northwestern University and Dr. Orr had planned to give his collection first to Michigan and then to this school and then in a rage, said he wouldn't give it to either and gave it to the College of Surgeons. It was housed on the first floor of our very attractive headquarters building in Chicago. It’s a beautiful collection but the College ultimately decided that this wasn't the place for it because it wasn't being used; second, its maintenance was not up to what it should be because they weren't equipped to take care of a rare book collection, and so a committee was appointed to handle the dispossession of this.

One of my very good friends in Chicago, a nose and throat doctor, one of the world’s great bronchoscopists in Chicago -- was the chairman of this committee. I was on the (American College of Surgeons) Regents at the time and I knew this collection and I knew where it came from. When the report was brought to the Board of Regents from this committee and that the collection was a superb collection and worth a couple hundred thousand should be given to the Crerar Library and this was submitted to the Regents for a vote. And I said that isn't right and so I got to the floor and made a very impassioned plea that enabled this to be delayed for three months until we could think through where this was going to be sent because the Crerar Library was a great library, known all over the world, and so forth, but this would be buried like sending three pictures to the Metropolitan Museum in New York. They have so much in their vaults down below. Anyway, in that three months I canvassed the Board and I called in about eight "due bills" and I knew I had the votes. I had supported people on everything so it came back up at the next meeting and I made the speech that it had originated here and we had a regional library and a magnificent place and I talked to the people here and that it would be suitably housed in a wing by itself and we would even put up a picture of him if need be. We would give full credit to the College on it. We would always say that we got it from them. I would hope that you would send along the money to maintain it, which I know you have in the some $3,000 a year, and I will promise you that there will be an accounting annually, permanently. And I knew I had the votes and I won and so that is how you got that library – pure and simple. If somebody hadn't been there and I just happened to be sitting there at the time when it went by, our it would have gone to the Crerar Library and you never would have known what happened to it.

The collected papers of Joseph Baron Lister

Hector Cameron (1843-1928) and Joseph Lister (1827-1912)
Orr No. 631
1909
Two volumes
 

Joseph Lister was a British surgeon who spent much of his career in Scotland. Building upon French scientist Louis Pasteur’s work with microorganisms, Lister experimented with chemicals to kill germs and prevent wound infections. Lister's work was inspirational to any surgeon concerned with preventing disease, especially during WWI.

 

Hector Clare Cameron was Lister’s house surgeon in 1868 and assistant in private practice in Glasgow. Life-long friends, Cameron was one of the greatest supporters of Lister’s antiseptic methods.

text image file Lister03

The collected papers of Joseph Baron Lister, 1909

Image of Lister’s address “On the Relations of Micro-Organisms to Disease”

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Clinical notes at lectures of Prof. Lister with notes from him in the clinical wards of the Royal Infirmary, Jan 1870

Fred L. Grasett and Joseph Lister
Orr No. 586
1870-71
 

When these lecture notes were recorded in 1870, Joseph Lister was working in Edinburgh, Scotland, at the Royal Infirmary. Physicians and surgeons who did not believe that germs caused infections were slow to accept Lister’s antiseptic theory. There was also a misunderstanding that Lister’s methods were to cure infections, not prevent them. His work with antiseptics finally gained acceptance in the medical community as the number of infections decreased, through handwashing, the use of instrument baths and aerosol sprays during operations.

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Joseph, Baron Lister: centenary volume, 1827-1927

A. Logan Turner (1865-1939) and Joseph Lister
Orr No. 1886
1927
 

Joseph Lister was made Baron Lister of Lyme Regis in 1897 in honor of his medical contributions. He was a Surgeon Extraordinary to Queen Victoria and the senior surgeon in the Medical Household of the Royal Household of the Sovereign for both Queen Victoria and King Edward VII. In 1902, the newly-coronated King Edward VII appointed Lister to the privy Council and as one of the original members of the Order of Merit (OM), which acknowledges outstanding service to the armed forces, science, art, literature or the promotion of culture. Lister advised the surgeons on antiseptic surgical methods used to remove King Edward’s appendix in June 1902. In recognition of his contribution the king told Lister, “I know that if it had not been for you and your work, I wouldn’t be sitting here today.”

 

A. Logan Turner was a Scottish ear, nose, and throat surgeon at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. He served as a laryngologist for the Royal Army Medical Corps during WWI. After his retirement, Turner wrote books on the history of medicine, including the Lister Centenary.

Joseph, Baron Lister: centenary volume, 1827-1927, 1927

Image of “The Surgical Hospital, Old Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh”

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